Journal:

Article Title: IL-4/IL-13-Dependent Alternative Activation of Macrophages but Not Microglial Cells Is Associated with Uncontrolled Cerebral Cryptococcosis

doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080598

Figure Lengend Snippet: In the presence of IL-4 and IL-13, macrophages but not microglial cells expressing markers of alternative activation are detected in the brains of susceptible BALB/c wild-type mice at 60 d.p.i. A: Wild-type (WT) mice show that large pseudocystic lesion, harboring many small yeasts and yeast fragments, is bordered by inflammatory leukocytes, consisting mainly of large rounded foamy macrophages (black arrowheads). H&E staining, magnification = original ×600. The large foamy rounded cells are identified as MHC class II+ macrophages tightly bordering the lesion. Activated MHC class II+ ramified microglial cells (white arrowheads) are demonstrated in the outer vicinity of the lesion. Anti-MHC class II immunostaining, magnification = original ×600. Large round cells strongly express the CD206 antibody, whereas the antibody against the mannose receptor did not detect ramified microglial cells. Anti-CD206 immunostaining; magnification = original ×600. Many round cells, but not microglial cells, bordering the lesion strongly express the YM1 antibody. Anti-YM1 immunostaining; magnification = original ×600. B: Upper panel: Ultrastructural analysis of the identified type of macrophages reveals that they harbor yeasts and yeast fragments within their cytoplasm, and that they also contain numerous small vacuoles corresponding to their ‘foamy’ appearance, which are phagolysosomes. Lower panel: The ultrastructural analysis of microglial cells identifies a cell with dense-staining nucleus and marginated chromatin free of cryptococci or vacuolated lysosomes. Electron microscopy; magnification = original ×3000.

Article Snippet: Additionally, CD206 (mannose receptor) rat anti-mouse antibody (Serono, Unterschleißheim, Germany) and YM1 (ECF-L) goat anti-mouse antibody (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) were used for staining of alternatively activated macrophages.

Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay, Staining, Immunostaining, Electron Microscopy

Journal:

Article Title: IL-4/IL-13-Dependent Alternative Activation of Macrophages but Not Microglial Cells Is Associated with Uncontrolled Cerebral Cryptococcosis

doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080598

Figure Lengend Snippet: Alternatively activated macrophages develop in the CNS of susceptible wild-type, and IL-13T/+ mice after i.n. infection with C. neoformans. A–E: Mannose receptor (CD206) expression as a marker for alternative activation of macrophages in the brain (60 dpi). In wild-type (WT) and IL-13T/+ mice, macrophages show a strong expression of CD206, whereas the receptor is absent on cells of IL-4Rα−/− (B), IL-4−/− (C), and IL-13−/− (D) mice. In no case were microglial cells CD206 positive. Anti-CD206 immunostaining, magnification = original ×400. F–J: Chitinase YM1 expression as a marker for alternative activation of myeloid leukocytes in the brain (60 dpi). In wild-type and IL-13T/+ mice, macrophages show a strong expression of YM1, whereas the molecule is absent in cells of IL-4Rα−/− (G), IL-4−/− (H), and IL-13−/− (I) mice. In no case microglial cells were YM1 positive. Anti-YM1 immunostaining; magnification = original ×400.

Article Snippet: Additionally, CD206 (mannose receptor) rat anti-mouse antibody (Serono, Unterschleißheim, Germany) and YM1 (ECF-L) goat anti-mouse antibody (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) were used for staining of alternatively activated macrophages.

Techniques: Infection, Expressing, Marker, Activation Assay, Immunostaining